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符号 | 描述 | 示例 | 有效匹配 | 无效匹配 |
^ | 字符串或行的开头 | ^foam | foam | bath foam |
\A | 任何匹配模式下的字符串开头 | \Afoam | foam | bath foam |
$ | 字符串或行的末尾 | finish$ | finish | finnish |
\Z | 字符串结尾，或任何匹配模式下最后一个新行之前的字符 | finish\Z | finish | finnish |
\z | 字符串结尾，在任何匹配模式下。 | ㅤ | ㅤ | ㅤ |
\G | 上一个匹配的结尾或第一个匹配的字符串的开头 | ^(get|set)|\G\w+$ | setValue | seValue |
\b | 字边界；单词字符 (\w) 和非单词字符 (\W) 之间的位置 | \bis\b | This island is beautiful | This island isn't beautiful |
\B | 非字边界 | \Bland | island | peninsula |
符号 | 描述 | 示例 | 有效匹配 | 无效匹配 |
(?=...) | positive lookahead | question(?=s) | questions | question |
(?!...) | negative lookahead | answer(?!s) | answer | answers |
(?<=...) | positive look-behind | (?<=appl)e | apple | application |
(?<!...) | negative look-behind | (?<!goo)d | mood | good |
符号 | 描述 | 示例 | 有效匹配 | 无效匹配 |
[ ] | class definition | [axf] | a, x, f | b |
[ - ] | class definition range | [a-c] | a, b, c | d |
[ \ ] | escape inside class | [a-f.] | a, b, . | g |
[^ ] | Not in class | [^abc] | d, e | a |
[:class:] | POSIX class | [:alpha:] | string | 0101 |
. | match any chars except new line | b.ttle | battle, bottle | bttle |
\s | white space, [\n\r\f\t ] | good\smorning | good morning | good.morning |
\S | no-white space, [^\n\r\f\t] | good\Smorning | good.morning | good morning |
\d | digit | \d{2} | 23 | 1a |
\D | non-digit | \D{3} | foo, bar | fo1 |
\w | word, [a-z-A-Z0-9_] | \w{4} | v411 | v4.1 |
\W | non word, [^a-z-A-Z0-9_] | .$%? | .$%? | .ab? |
符号 | 描述 |
\ | general escape |
\n | new line |
\r | carriage return |
\t | tab |
\v | vertical tab |
\f | form feed |
\a | alarm |
[\b] | backspace |
\e | escape |
\cchar | Ctrl + char(ie:\cc is Ctrl+c) |
\ooo | three digit octal (ie: \123) |
\xhh | one or two digit hexadecimal (ie: \x10) |
\x{hex} | any hexadecimal code (ie: \x{1234}) |
\p{xx} | char with unicode property (ie: \p{Arabic} |
\P{xx} | char without unicode property |
符号 | 描述 | 示例 | 有效匹配 | 无效匹配 |
| | alternation | apple|orange | apple, orange | melon |
( ) | subpattern | foot(er|ball) | footer or football | footpath |
(?P<name>...) | subpattern, and capture submatch into name | (?P<greeting>hello) | hello | hallo |
(?:...) | subpattern, but does not capture submatch | (?:hello) | hello | hallo |
+ | one or more quantifier | ye+ah | yeah, yeeeah | yah |
* | zero or more quantifier | ye*ah | yeeah, yeeeah, yah | yeh |
? | zero or one quantifier | yes? | yes, ye | yess |
?? | zero or one, as few times as possible (lazy) | yea??h | yeah | yeaah |
+? | one or more lazy | /<.+?>/g | <P>foo</P> matches only <P> and </P> | ㅤ |
*? | zero or more, lazy | /<.*?>/g | <html> | ㅤ |
{n} | n times exactly | fo{2} | foo | fooo |
{n,m} | from n to m times | go{2,3}d | good,goood | gooood |
{n,} | at least n times | go{2,} | goo, gooo | go |
(?(condition)...) | if-then pattern | (<)?[p](?(1)>) | <p>, p | <p |
(?(condition)...|...) | if-then-else pattern | ^(?(?=q)que|ans) | question, answer | quote |
模式 | 描述 |
g | 全局匹配 |
i | 不区分大小写，同时匹配大写和小写 |
m | 多行 |
s | 单行（默认） |
x | 忽略空白允许注释 |
A | 锚定后，图案被迫^ |
D | 仅美元结尾，美元元字符仅在末尾匹配 |
S | 执行额外的分析，对于非锚定模式有用 |
U | 不贪婪的、贪婪的模式默认会变得懒惰 |
X | PCRE 的附加功能（PCRE extra） |
J | 允许子模式重复名称 |
u | unicode、模式和主题字符串被视为 UTF-8 |
- 作者:洛潆
- 链接:https://tangly1024.com/article/regular-expression
- 声明:本文采用 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 许可协议，转载请注明出处。